One Way Ticket For The Poor House - 853 Words

One Way Ticket to the Poor House Income inequality has been a persistent problem in the United States, practically since its conception. It has been probed, studied and blamed for many of society’s ills. While some would suggest that outside influences, such as pop culture, are the culprit. Others would argue that is actually the policy makers that making it increasingly difficult for the poorest in our society to relieve themselves of the hardship of being financially challenged through what one would call â€Å"Modern Day Debtors Prisons† ( Rappleye and Seville pg. 1) Poverty is such a complex issue, it stretches across demographic and cultural lines and generally speaking has no specific age group. Popular culture might have a small influence on a particular individuals mainly young people, but for others just getting by day to day trying to meet the basic need of food, shelter and transportation tends to consume most of their time and energy. Technology plays a maj or role in being connected to America’s emerging â€Å"monoculture† (Rainis pg. 2). In an article written by Mr. Rainis of Cornell University, he states that a Pew Research Center survey that found fifteen percent of Americans did not have access to the internet, he goes on to point out that some in our society are â€Å"too poor for pop culture† and as a result, it is only available to those who can afford it. This begs the question, is there another external influence that might be contributing to the â€Å"Culture ofShow MoreRelatedMy Family Has Changed A Lot1362 Words   |  6 PagesMy family has lived in Beijing for a long time. We experienced huge changes in China in the 20th century, especially within the economy. Because of the centralization of authority, China could gather the money in some specific way very soon during the developing period from 1980s to now. Chinese economy has changed a lot. The change is not just staying on the business level, wh ich it surely have a lot of good effect to every common family. First of all, as a student, the most important thing, educationRead MoreGambling Outline Essay912 Words   |  4 Pagesplaying the lottery is the most popular form of gambling in the U.S.† (Update: Lotteries). C. Playing the lottery is the most played gambling â€Å"game† in the U.S. 1. â€Å"Nearly half of the polls respondent, 46%, said they had bought a state lottery ticket in the past year† (Update: Lotteries). 2. â€Å"By contrast, only 24% of respondents had participated in the second most popular form of gambling, casino games, while 14% had bet on the outcomes of sporting events in an office pool† (Update: Lotteries)Read MoreThe Privilege Of Attending The Bush House Museum1133 Words   |  5 Pagesthe privilege of attending the Bush House Museum here in Salem. I went on Sunday November 20, 2016 and wanted to go because the house was built in the Victorian era. I’ve always been quite intrigued with the Victorian era overall. That includes architecture, people, and the culture. The Bush House belonged to Asahel Bush II (1824-1913) became editor and publisher of The Oregon Statesman newspaper in 1851, and later served as state printer. He lived in the house with Eugenia Zieber Bush (1833-1863)Read MoreThe Issue Of The Lottery1385 Words   |  6 Pageshelping the poor, the hungry, the homeless, education, or research funding. My question is, should the lottery be abolishe d? My answer, without a doubt. Americans spending their money with the hopes of instant wealth that most likely will not happen, the few that win often end up worse off, and millions of dollars are just given away when it could go to a better cause.It is oddly considered moral for people to go out and waste their money on something that has a one in a million or one in a billionRead MoreMy First Airplane Bus For Atlanta Airport871 Words   |  4 Pagesnever will be forgotten.it was a long exciting day and a lot of crazy stuff happened. From getting a ticket registered almost not able to get through the security gate, plane delays, and a big tragedy. It was an early Friday morning it was like 4 something, as my mom and me walked out the door to go to the car, still in a daze from being awaken so early I climbed in the front seat and we were on our way to Macon, Georgia to catch the shuttle bus to Atlanta airport. So as we arrived in Macon an got onRead MoreIrony in A Pair of Tickets and A Rocking Horse Winner1405 Words   |  6 PagesRicardo Cortez Prof. P. Vedula English-1102 (60384) 04 July 2012 Rough draft with markups on irony in â€Å"A Pair of Tickets† and â€Å"A Rocking Horse Winner† Two of the many definitions of irony that I like are found on dictionary.com. The first definition states that irony is â€Å"incongruity between what is expected to be and what actually is, or a situation or result showing such incongruity† (â€Å"Irony†). The second defines Dramatic irony as †¦irony that is inherent in speeches or a situation of a dramaRead MoreEconomic Theories : Supply And Demand1142 Words   |  5 Pagesfamily to go to the movies; I am assuming this was true for many other families as well. The reason I believe this is because the Ontario Reel Theatre lowered their ticket prices to $7.50. The only reason the theatre would lower their prices is because there was not a high enough demand with the ticket prices being so steep. With lower ticket prices, there is a higher demand of people wanting to see a movie. The relationship between the producers and consumer of the serviced reached a point of equilibriumRead MoreGambling Effects On The Americ an Economy1671 Words   |  7 PagesGambling Effects on the American Economy American people like games and entertainment, and one of these games is gambling. According to crops online, a gambling website (2009), gambling is classified as an old game taking place in China back around 2300 B.C. Then around 100 D.C., King of Norway and King of Sweden resolved the District of Hising property by using two dice. In the Mediterranean countries, the deck of card was developed, and especially the French altered the deck by pulling out a manRead MoreIs It A Problem With Our Priorities? Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesamateur athlete get more cheers and admiration than the person, who instead of taking unemployment, or partaking in illegal activities, or â€Å"going on the dole†, finds a way to get up every day and go to work and get paid less than a living wage. As a society we give athletes more respect than the person working themselves to death to house, feed, and clothe their family. A worker earning the federal minimum wage of $7.25 will gross $15,080 a year if they are lucky enough to work 40 hours every week allRead MoreGreat Essay : Can Anything Go Great?800 Words   |  4 Pages Can Anything Go Great? Hearing my alarm ringing at 6:45, and realizing it was time to go to Guatemala was scary. I have never been out the country before , so knowing that my parents had brought a ticket for me to go visit Guatemala was pretty scary. I was only nine year old when I got sent to Guatemala. Seeing my bag at the door ready for me and my parents getting me ready , talking to me I was so scared but it was time for me to visit my grandma and grandpa. That was the only thing that didnt

What Happened William Stammered - 1330 Words

â€Å"Hey. You alright?† Tabitha asked. â€Å"What happened?† William stammered. â€Å"Come on, you gotta get up. You’re scheduled to have a contract negotiation in my room at 10:00 am sharp. Get yourself together.† WILLIAM showered and cleaned himself up as best he could. He downed three Advils, and made his way to the first floor of the hotel. He knocked on Tabitha’s door. â€Å"Come in,† Tabitha called. William opened the door and stepped into the suite. Tabitha stood up from a small table next to the window and walked towards William with her hand outstretched. She was dressed in a business suit with her hair tied back in a bun. There was no trace of a hangover. Tabitha shook William’s hand with a crisp, professional efficiency. â€Å"Good morning, Mr.†¦show more content†¦It’s nice to speak with you. Tabitha has told me a lot about you.† â€Å"It’s nice to speak with you, too, sir† William said. â€Å"So what did you think of the seminar?† â€Å"It’s very interesting, Mr. Brigham.† â€Å"Please, call me Jason. So, are you ready to jump on board?† â€Å"Let’s just say you’ve got my attention.† â€Å"Excellent, then let’s see if we can come up with something that will hold that attention. William, I’m prepared to offer you a contract with a base salary of $28,500.00 for next year. The salary will be paid out from September through August over 24 bi-weekly pay periods,† Jason said. As Jason spoke, Tabitha leaned over and removed a folder from a briefcase on the floor. She opened the folder, clicked a ballpoint pen and began taking notes. â€Å"Beyond the base salary,† Jason said. â€Å"I’m prepared to offer you some performance-based bonuses. The first performance bonus will be based on student performance. Next year, you will have a caseload of 125 students. In March of next year, those students will all take a standardized assessment called Smarter Balanced or S-Bac. It’s aligned to national standards called the Common Core. All students in the State of Connecticut and 25 other states take the same assessment. Are you familiar with the Common Core and the S-Bac test?† â€Å"Yes, sir,† William said. â€Å"Good. If all of your students score in the advanced level you will receive a $50,000 bonus. Tabitha will show you a sliding scale that outlines

Essay about Sustainability in Stadium - 2192 Words

‘Sustainability’ is critical to all aspects of society in the 21st century. Evaluate the concept of sustainability and impact that it is having on 21st century Stadium and Arena management practices. This essay is going to talk about the issues of sustainability related to stadium and arena in 21st century. This essay will give the definition in different historic and contemporary concepts, then talks about the triple bottom line that how sustainability effect on people, profit and planet. At last this report will going to talk about the sustainability development in the future. This paragraph is going to talk about the definition in different historic and introduce the triple bottom line. During the long course of age, human being†¦show more content†¦CSR is become more important in this society. Business activities will influence the sustainable development and played a centre role in the sustainable development. Business should focus on the world trend and being responsible because it’s important to lead a business to success as â€Å"competitive conditions and corporate social responsibility (CSR)†. Business need to transform for sustainable development. â€Å"CSR† is not only an empty talk which is also become the determinate factor of a company. â€Å"Jacoson and Nelson(2004) take more of a how-to approach, offering a principle-based framework for mastering what they called ‘new rules of the game’.† (Alessia, 2009) CSR of business began to wake. â€Å"There is growing sense that looking after the peopl e and the community as well as the environment are all relevant to long-term business survival.† (Alessia, 2009) As the CSR become a esthetic standard and sustainability standard for a business, companies focus more on triple bottom line-people, profit and planet-also could definite as environmental, societal and business arenas. CSR is a start to lead business to sustainability. It is more likely a principle to measure companies’ ethics and sustainability. Berkhout indentified some challenges for companies under the CSR principle. â€Å"How to balance its social and environmental responsibility with its economic responsibility toShow MoreRelatedThe Sustainability Of Large Contemporary Commercial Buildings : The European Investment Bank Headquarters And The New Wembley Stadium2829 Words   |  12 Pagesprovides an analysis, critique and comparison of the sustainability of two large contemporary commercial buildings: the European Investment Bank headquarters and the ne w Wembley Stadium. Fundamental methods of analysis include their design, construction, and lifetime costs, where each heading is explored in greater depth. The report finds that the architects of both buildings have evidently provided a significant focus on maintaining a high sustainability value. Recommendations discussed include: †¢ EmployingRead MoreImplementing A Sustainable Planning For Healthy, Thriving Rural And Urban Areas For Present Day And Future Years1668 Words   |  7 PagesactivitiesChapple. Additionally, society’s gradual acceptance of the need for more stable, reliable living patterns has inspired planning for sustainability so that present needs are taken care of without inhibiting future generations from achieving their potentially different goalsPLANNINGPOLICYGUIDE. One especially important aspect of planning for sustainability concerns the environment and the unlikelihood that the Earth’s resources will continue to meet human demandsPLANNINGPOLICYGUIDE. As a resultRead MoreConstruction Of Urban Regeneration Projects1648 Words   |  7 Pagesto a sustainable urban regeneration projects. From my findings, I found that it is important for architect to involve in an urban regeneration projects as the role of an architect would contribute to an efficient use of land, balance ecological sustainability and positive economic development. Until now, it is argued that architects could contribute in an efficient land use, but there are some limitations to an architect’s access. An architect does not have the authority to choose a specific buildingRead MoreBisiness730 Words   |  3 Pages7 stores in Toronto. Their uniqueness is commitment of environmental friendly and sustainability. Each longo store has green bins which use to recycle organic waste. They also have lots of programs to pursue environmental awareness initiatives (Longo). The shell of pistachio can be recycled. (wikipedia) In the meantime, PPL offers totally organic and high quality pistachios. For longo, the quality and sustainability of products is vital. They have relatively low price sensitivity. Therefore PPL hasRead MoreThe Greatest Epa Cleanup Program889 Words   |  4 Pagesof dollars building Olympic stadiums and take up valuable land only to tear them down or leave them unused when the games end. One of the greatest Olympic stadium failu res in history is the site of the 2004 summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. Today, 12 years after the games, the stadium still stands abandoned. At the time of the games, the venues were considered a success. This was because the venues were built, approved, and rated in a rush and without sustainability in mind. Shortly after the gamesRead MoreThe Product Strategy Of Pepsico Essay836 Words   |  4 Pagesand they are sold in over 200 countries (Pendrous). Each billion dollar brand supports the company’s image. Product strategies PepsiCo focuses on include human sustainability, environment sustainability, and product design. These strategies provide brand recognition, and produce a positive company image. As far as human sustainability, PepsiCo has begun to encourage more healthy lifestyles. PepsiCo’s global responsible marketing policies require us to: provide key nutrition information on ourRead MoreSustainability and Quality of Precast Concrete792 Words   |  3 PagesSustainability and Quality of Precast Concrete Precast concrete is a construction method for casting concrete into a reusable mold. Recently, the number of buildings and infrastructure projects constructed using precast concrete has grown exponentially. Modern day technologies have turned precast concrete into a very durable, sustainable, and quality controlled product. Will precast and modular building systems be the future of sustainable, quality, and economical building methods? ConcreteRead MoreEffects Of Sports Tourism1249 Words   |  5 Pagestrend has thus increased the rate of traveling activities (Bull Weed, 2012). The essay will analyze the potential effects of sports tourism and include the aspects of economic, social and environmental. It will further explain an integration of sustainability principles and conclude by giving a critical evaluation and overview of the major issues discussed. Analysis of Impacts Brazil is known for hosting soccer events while the UK hosted the Olympics and Paralympic Games in 2012 that hosts numerousRead MoreWhat Type Of Unique It Solutions Would Help Local And / Or State Governments? Why?1127 Words   |  5 Pagesinstallation of sidewalks that provide energy. As people move around doing their business, they create energy and this energy can be stored and used later. There are so many places within the cities or municipalities where people walk. The sideways, the stadiums, and even jogging lanes. It would be a great idea to tap this energy. First response: I completely agree with you that using simulation devices to train soldiers and police officers is a great technological solution to the country. By creating realRead MoreHistory Of Commonwealth Facilities Used For Commonwealth Games1049 Words   |  5 Pageskilometres to the site. In addition, the Underwood Av and Brookdale St have the primary street which connects site location to Perth CBD and Claremont rail station by public transport. The existing building in the area is sport facilities such as stadium, athlete guest house, trees, track lane, score board, etc. The proposal suggests that mature trees in the area will preserve as much as possible. The historical value of the area is considered to retain such as score board, tracking lane and street

How Can Playing A Game Change Someone s Life Essay

How can playing a game change someone’s life? People from the outside looking in often think sports are merely meaningless competitions with no end result other than a winner and a loser. Although I love to attain the victory in every competition, I know there is more to sports than what the stat sheets display. They can change your life if you transfer what you learn on the court or field into real life situations. Basketball has taught me many things including working with others, persevering through difficult circumstances, and learning to overcome past mistakes. One particular game my sophomore year in the regional semifinals against LaPoynor made me realize what the game was actually teaching me. Excitement overflowed the huge locker room. My team and I had been waiting for this day since the beginning of the season. My team had confidence that we deserved to be in this game because of the blood, sweat, and tears we poured into every practice, game, and workout that winte r and early spring. Lacking two victories to reach our goal, the state tournament in San Antonio, the Lady Flyers appeared as our only obstacle. I competed against their point guard since elementary. She played quickly, perceptively, and skillfully, but we had prepared to shut her down. The music resounded through the speakers in the locker room as I stared at the floor envisioning what I needed to accomplish to defeat my opponent. Every thump of the bass sounded like a ball dribbling in my mind. IShow MoreRelatedIndividuals On Games Empowering Violent Behaviors1327 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper is going to show individuals on games empowering violent behaviors. Each time playing is happening your mind begins building up a considerable measure all the more in an unexpected way. Playing these games make individuals more aggressive. Regardless of a child s belief that these games are nothing they truly do lead to a change in a persons mind. Individuals additionally may get addict ed on the gaming which leads to a man trying to be aggressive more frequently. A clear understandingRead MoreVideo Games: Another World or Reality?1658 Words   |  7 PagesVideo Games: Another World or Reality? The origin of the harmfulness of video games originates with pong; the first video game invented. â€Å"How is pong harmful? It’s a ball with two vertical bars.† It had nothing to do with the content of the game, but the addictive nature of it. The Surgeon General at the time, C. Everett Koop, was the one who made the comment about the games addictiveness. He believed that, because of the addictive nature could turn players violent. According to a study performedRead MoreGaming Effect . Violence In Gaming Can Spark Interest In1544 Words   |  7 PagesEffect Violence in gaming can spark interest in humans minds today. Lately around the world, there has been an increase in violence, and one reason seems to be the result of playing video games. Many children, teenagers, and even grown adults are stuck indoors staring at a screen for hours; this lifestyle can become unhealthy. Video games embed violent inclinations and mental pictures into players heads, which takes a toll on their physical activity. Terrifying images can be depicted in matureRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Society1274 Words   |  6 PagesViolence in video games can affect ones mindset in so many different ways, where we don’t even realize it. For example playing â€Å"Grand Theft Auto† for a few hours will change your mindset. Even though it wouldn’t be in a tremendous way, but for a few minutes your mindset will think, â€Å"This game is so much fun, I want to steal cars, have police chase me, shoot at people, even steal helicopters†. According to Social scientists in the New York Times, Many studies have shown that this is becoming a majorRead MoreA Brief Note On Violence And Video Games Essay1367 Words   |  6 PagesViolence and Video Games Violent video games make gamers of all ages more aggressive, and should not be sold to minors without a parent’s consent. Many video games these days are extremely violent in nature and may in fact have some effect on the brain that would cause a child, teenager or even an adult to act out on aggression. I can say for myself that I have become very aggressive at times in certain games. I can remember not too long ago; I was playing a game called Destiny. ThereRead MoreVideo Game Addiction and its Side Effects Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesWe all remember playing our very first video game. Mine was â€Å"Super Mario† on the NES console. We were intrigued to see characters move from one side of the screen to the next, from one world to another. It seemed to me like it was an art, with different designed backgrounds, colors and animations. However, not all of us notice when it is time to stop playing them. This is still a problem to this day; children do n ot know when to stop playing video games. The problem this causes us is the behaviorRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1381 Words   |  6 Pagesschools. Not to mention coaches already get paid millions of dollars in college sports. Being a college athlete is a full-time job and a big time commitment. Sometimes college college athletes put in 40 to 60 hours a week for practice, travel, and games. Not to mention they still have to complete their work and get good grades to stay eligible to play so they are left very tired. The NCAA will make millions of dollars to sales of tickets and merchandise(Should college athletes be paid). So manyRead MoreThe Causes Of Video Game Addiction In Video Games1497 Words   |  6 PagesMany people of our generation like to play video games in some point of their life, whether it is Pokà ©mon Go, Candy Crush, Flappy Bird, Mario, Sonic, Call of Duty, Minecraft, or Skyrim. Over the past few decades of their existence, video games have been a ma jor form of entertainment. As time goes by video games improve in graphics, sound, and storyline. It’s only natural that people would become more and more immersed in them, and Many gamers will claim that videogames are not addictive, and evenRead MorePlaying Sports Throughout Your Childhood1491 Words   |  6 PagesSports can teach you many things about life and education without you even noticing it. Every sport has an effect on your education by the way you interact with your teammates and coaches. The coaches are able to teach you new skills that will be useful in the future of your sport and life. Constantly being around all these people help you learn new things that you probably had no idea about. The research we found shows that playing sports throughout your childhood helps improve learning how to focusRead MoreSports Is The Most Dangerous Sport1464 Words   |  6 PagesIn today’s society, sports are the main highlight in the lives of youth, collegiate, and some adults. Many boys and girls have hopes and dreams of one day becoming a professional athlete. Many people are so involved in the love of the game, that they are unaware if the dangers their children are in. The most dangerous sport involves the lives of males. Over the past decade, many athletes have died or have brain problems because of so many hits to the head, causing them to have a concussion.

Motivation Issues in Management and Organisational Behaviour

Question: Discuss about the Motivation Issues in Management and Organisational Behaviour. Answer: Introduction Competition, globalization and complexity are the three key words that are enough to define current situation of todays global business environment(Fox, 2007). Companies enter the market, attain growth and suddenly vanish as they are unable to sustain their competitive advantage and satisfy rapidly changing market behaviors. Organizations that are able to survive these changes have few things in common, they know where they are competing, what exactly they need to offer to satisfy consumer needs, what resources and competencies they have to attain competitive advantage and how they are going to retain they growth and competitive advantage(Mullins, 2011). To sustain in a fiercely competitive business environment organizations must ensure that their assets, skills and competencies are upgraded on a timely basis. Apart from other tangible and intangible assets possesses by an organization, its people or the human resources are the most precious assets and it is important to invest enoug h time and money to ensure this asset is effectively upgraded, motivated and engaged to deliver high performance, commitment and contribution towards organizational goals(Kitchin, 2010). Organizations should not only possess the ability to attract and retain competent employees, but also motivate and engage them in a way they get emotionally attached to their work and the organization. Employee motivation is the biggest challenge facing employers across the globe as it is directly linked to performance and productivity at workplace(Stickland, 2002). Motivated employees tend to deliver high performance and productivity which in turn help organization achieve their goals and objectives. Employee engagement and motivation shares a very unique relationship wherein high employee motivation leads to effective employee engagement and employees that are effectively engaged experience high motivation. Employee engagement is the extent to which an employee enjoys and believes in what he is doing and feels valued for doing it(Albdour Altarawneh, 2014). It is the key to organizational success as it leads to high commitment and contribution to organizational goals and objectives . This report aims at evaluating the use of key motivational theories in enhancing employee engagement. Real world examples are studied to get an in-depth understanding of the practical application of these motivational theories to increasing employee engagement within the organization. Motivation and Employee Engagement The term motivation is used to define the inward force within a person of the need which influences a persons behavior and make them act in a specific, goal-oriented manner(Hellriegel John W. Slocum, 2011). Motivation plays a very vital role in determining the way people behave in their personal and professional lives with other people around them. It determines their attitude and perception towards things, work and individuals around them. The level of employee motivation determine their level of productivity and performance, thus one of the managements most complex task is to ensure that employee motivation is effectively channelized in a direction that leads to achievement of organizational goals and objectives(Macey Schneider, 2008). Employee motivation plays a very crucial role in employee engagement which in turn leads to job satisfaction and commitment towards the success of organization. Employees whose needs and motives are being satisfied in an effective manner develop a positive perception towards their work and organization. They start enjoying their work and derive a sense of meaningfulness and importance and thus are effectively engaged. Employee engagement helps organizations in sustaining their competitive advantage and lowering absenteeism and employee turnover(Susi.S Jawaharrani.K, 2011).Lack of employee motivation often creates an employee engagement gap as employees do not experience the passion and enthusiasm to put in their best efforts and contribute towards organizational success. Organizations that face employee engagement gap often realize that the prime reason behind the issue is employees who are not effectively motivated and do not feel connected to their roles and the organization(Bridger, 2014). An analysis of different motivational theories can help understanding the relationship between motivation and employee engagement and how application of these theories can help increase employee engagement within the organization. Motivational Theories Employee motivation has been a serious concern for employers since ages and has attracted scholarly and professional attention since beginning(Frey Osterloh, 2013). Several motivational theories have been developed to facilitate employers achieve desired level of employee motivation which in turn helps increasing employee engagement and commitment towards the work and the organization. The most widely accepted and recognized theories of motivation are Maslows needs hierarchy theory, Herzbergs motivator-hygiene factors theory and the Job characteristics theory(Herzberg, et al., 2011). These three theories of motivation are analysed to determine the role of motion in increasing employee engagement. The employees are the assets of an organization, and hence there is a direct relation between employee motivation and increased productivity. Each employee of an organization should be sufficiently motivated, so that they can complete their individual task with a higher level of dedication and enthusiasm. There is a variety of employee motivation theories, some of which are discussed below: Maslows Need Hierarchy Theory Developed by Abraham H. Maslow, the need hierarchy theory of motivation is the most preferred theory of motivation used by organizations across the globe. As per this theory of motivation, humans possess a group if needs that are exceptionally strong and complex in nature and can be arranged hierarchically in the form of a pyramid(Hellriegel John W. Slocum, 2011). This motivation theory is based on few assumptions such as, one a need is satisfied it loses its motivational power, the network of needs is highly complex and human behavior can be influenced by several needs at a specific time, it is important to satisfy lower level needs first before higher level needs are activated else it create a need gap and the number of ways in which higher level needs can be satisfied is greater than number of ways in which lower level needs can be satisfied(Jr, 2005). Maslows need hierarchy models divided different types of individual needs into five broad categories namely, physiological, secur ity, affiliation, esteem and self-actualization. These five types of need are arranged in a hierarchical pyramid with the lowest level need being at the base and highest level need at the top as shown in figure below. Maslows Need Hierarchy Model Fig.1. Source: Made by Student (2016), Adopted: Hellriegel John W. Slocum (2011) Physiological needs represent human basic needs for food, water, air and shelter(Fox, 2007). These are the lowest level needs and individuals who are looking forward to satisfy these needs will not be concerned about the content of work they will be doing. Employers who focus on satisfying these needs to motivate their employees assume that money is the primary source of motivation for all employees(Bridger, 2014). As employees at this stage of motivation are not concerned about the job they are doing they donot feel connected to it. Merely staisfying these needs cannot help employers achieve desired level of employee engagement. Employees are aware that the work they are doing can be performed by anyone as no specilised skills and expertise are required to perform them. They donot experience a sense of meaningfulness and importance and thus lack engagement(Herzberg, et al., 2011). Mcdonalds for example aims at satisfying only physiological needs of their entery level employees as th e work given to them requires no specilisation and can be performed by anyone. Students and freshers are motivated to take these jobs to satisfy their basic needs but they lack engagement owing to which the organisation faces high absenteesim and employee turnover at these ranks. Contrary to this Hersheys encourage wellness activities among employees by offering insurance rebates for employees who prefer a healthy lifestyle. Thus, in a way ensuring that employee are motivated and experience a sense of engagement with the work they are doing. Secrity needs represents human need for stability, safety and absence of pain or illness(Hellriegel John W. Slocum, 2011). Once the physiological needs are satisfied people are motivated by security needs and perceive these needs as defences against loss of physiological needs. During economic downturn or other financial crisis organisations look to downsizing as the only way of safegaurding their existance, these kind sog activities create a threat in the minds of employees that they might lose their jobs(Hughes Rog, 2008). Organisations such as Starbucks offer life, health and disability insurance to their employees to promote a sense of security and well-being which in turn leads to increased employee motivation and engagement. Affiliation needs represents human need for a feeling of belonging, friendship and love. These needs emerge after the two lower level needs are satisfied. Individuals who are motivated by affiliation needs perceive their work as a means of developing strong interpersonal relationships. Employers can satisfy affiliation needs of their employees by being supportive and organising different team building activities such as cultural events, sports programs, company celebrations, outings etc. Employees feel motivated as they get ample opportunities to establish interpersonal relationships and they are effectively engaged as they feel they are being part of something important. Employee motivation in this case leads to increased employee engagement. Organisations such as Starbucks organise various volunteering programs which support their employee to satisfy affiliation needs and experience a sense of connection with the organistaion. Esteem needs represent human need for recognition, self-worth, respect and achievement(Carbonara, 2012). Employee who strive to satisfy their esteem needs look for jobs that are challenging and require specilised skills and expertise. They want people to appreciate and respect them for the work they are performing. They want people to know that they are important for the organisation and are contributing towards organisational goals. Employers need reward and recognition programs to satisfy the esteem needs of their employees. It is important to ensure that the job content is good and appears challenging and important to employees(Kaliannan Adjovu, 2015). Organisations such as BMW rewards their top performers monthly and organises a grand annual event to reward the best performer of the year. With such reward and recognition programs they motivate their employees to deliver high performance. Employees ensure that they perform all their tasks with passion and endeavour and deliver re sults which can satisfy their esteem needs. Self-actualisation need represent human needs for realising their full potential and becoming what they always wanted to be(Markos Sridevi, 2010). This is the highest level need and it gains its motivational power once all the lower level needs are satisfied. Employee in this state looks for job that gives them decision making power and enhances their problem solving abilities. Employers should involve such employees in the process of decision making, people managemnet, job designing and implementing strategies. When these needs of employees are satisfied they show high level of engagement and commitment towards their work and the organisation. Employee at this stage experience that achieving organisational goals is their purpose and they develop a connection with the organisation and its people(Miner, 2005). Organisations such Starbucks ensure that leaders are given enough power to make important decisions for the organisation and its people. Under the effective leadership of Howar d Schultz, Starbucks has achieved remarkable success across the globe as he had ample opportunity to satisfy his self-actualisation needs and achieveing companys goals was his mision. Herzbergs Motivation Theory: Herzberg had proposed the Two Factor theory. According to the psychologist, Herzberg the increment in salary, compensation benefits, great working condition or even good relationship with colleagues in themselves, do not serve to motivate the employees. However, Herzberg claims that the moment these factors are absent, the employees start feeling discontent with their work situations, and hence these factors are considered to be the hygiene factors. On the other hand, career growth opportunity, challenging work, greater recognition is the motivation factors (Miner 2015). According to Herzberg, an organization usually aims at reducing the factors that dissatisfy the employees, and increasing the factors that keep them content. Herzberg claims, offering attractive salary or other benefit to the employee, may remove dissatisfaction and bring peace, but may not leave the employee satisfied. Hence, what is needed is to satisfy and motivate the employees, by introducing more challenging ta sks, assigning specialized task to an employee or allowing the employee to work in a neutral unit, so that he can enjoy a sense of growth and fulfillment. Herzberg claimed that an organization, instead of reducing the dissatisfaction of its employees, should focus more on increasing the job enrichment of the employees (Smith and Shields 2013). Achievement Motivation Theory: According to the Achievement Motivation Theory, an employee needs to achieve, and enjoy accomplishment, while working in an organization. In case an employee is not able to feel a sense of accomplishment at his workplace, he will start losing his interest and enthusiasm to work more. This in turn will reduce his productivity and work efficiency, ultimately bringing huge loss to the organization. Hence, this theory upholds that it is important for an organization to provide opportunities for personal drive to each of the employees, so that he must feel the urge of striving and toiling more. According to David McClelland, the chief proponent of this theory, there are three principal needs, the fulfillment of which can motivate an employee, and these are as follows: Need for achievement Need for affiliation Need for power (Schunk et al. 2012) Each individual employee aspires to be promoted to an influential position, and they would work hard if they have a chance of getting promoted to a position where they can control and influence others. Hence, it is important to offer promotional opportunities to the employees. Undoubtedly, it is not expected that an organization will keep on promoting an employee, yet it is the duty of an organization to render a sense of personal accomplishment to its employees. It should be noted that it is not sufficient to promote a deserving employee to a higher designation, offering him recognition and appraisal is equally important. The employees derive a sense of fulfillment when his performance is evaluated, and reviewed and praised by the organization. This in turn helps to motivate and encourage the employees to work more productively next time (Heckhausen 2013). Expectancy Theory: According to the expectancy theory, an employee will work hard and with greater enthusiasm as well as dedication, only if he believes that his efforts will be rewarded by the organization. However, the reward he will be receiving for the successful completion of a task, must comply with his expectation. Vroom, the exponent of this theory, claimed that the theory has three important components, which are: 1. Expectancy 2. Instrumentality 3. Valence (Renko et al. 2012) An employee will work harder, and put greater efforts only if he believes that his hard work and labor will be rewarded by the organization. Once the individual has been able to achieve the goals and objectives, he must be able to enjoy the instrumental outcomes, in the form of increment of salary, compensation fees, bonus or incentives. Next, it is not merely sufficient to offer reward to the employees, but it is equally important that the employee places great value on the reward he is going to receive, after the accomplishment of his task. Hence, the management of an organization must ensure that the organization is offering incentives as well as rewards to the employees that are meeting his expectations. For instance, suppose an employee is already enjoying a huge amount of salary, and as such it is meaningless to offer him bonus. On the contrary, offering him a holiday package may come up as a more alluring offer to the employee, and it may inspire him to increase his productivi ty and workplace efficiency (Estes and Polnick, 2012). Goal Setting Theory: The goal-setting theory of employee motivation is another very important theory upheld by Edwin Locke, which claims that goal setting activities, and employee motivation is closely related to each other. An employee feels motivated only when he has a set of goals and objectives that he aspires to achieve. Hence, it is the duty of the leader or the manager to keep on providing challenging yet achievable goals to the employees, so that the achievement of the same can lead to the creation of employee satisfaction. However, it is also important for the management authority to ensure that the goals are realistic to achieve, otherwise setting unrealistic goals will lead to a sense of inferiority among the employees. In case a goal is set, the employees feel motivated towards the accomplishment of the goal, and they will not the leave the work unless the goal is achieved. However, it is not sufficient to set a goal, as it is important to ensure that the goal is being stated and explained cl early to the employees, and the individual goal of an individual employee must be set in accordance with his individual skill and competence( Locke and Latham 2013). Conclusion Employee motivation and engagement is a serious concern for organisations that are struggling hard to safeguard their existence in todays fiercely competitive and dynamic business environment. An analysis of the three most widely used theories of motivation support the fact that high employee motivation results in increased employee engagement. Motivation is the inward force that encourage employee to engage in their jobs and deliver high performance. Organizations must ensure that the needs and motives of employees are satisfied in an effective manner to motivate and engage them. The job and the content of the job itself play a vital role in enhancing employee motivation which in turn leads to increased employee engagement. Reference List: Albdour, A. A. Altarawneh, I. I., (2014) Employee Engagement and Organizational Commitment: Evidence from Jordan. International Journal of Business, 19(2), pp. 192-212. Bridger, E., (2014) Employee Engagement. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Estes, B. and Polnick, B., 2012. Examining motivation theory in higher education: An expectancy theory analysis of tenured faculty productivity.International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration,15(1), pp.1-7. Heckhausen, H., 2013.The anatomy of achievement motivation(Vol. 1). Academic Press. Locke, E.A. and Latham, G.P. eds., 2013.New developments in goal setting and task performance. Routledge. Macey, W. H. Schneider, B., (2008) The Meaning of Employee Engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(1), pp. 3-30. Manzoor, Q.A., 2012. Impact of employees motivation on organizational effectiveness.Business management and strategy,3(1), p.1. Markos, S. Sridevi, M. S., (2010) Employee Engagement: The Key to Improving Performance. International Journal of Business and Management , 5(12), pp. 89-96. Miner, J. B., (2005) Organizational Behavior: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. New York: M.E. Sharpe. Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Mullins, L. J., (2011) Essentials of Organisational Behaviour. London: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Murray, P., Poole, D. Jones, G., (2006) Contemporary Issues in Management and Organisational Behaviour. New York: Cengage Learning. Renko, M., Kroeck, K.G. and Bullough, A., 2012. Expectancy theory and nascent entrepreneurship.Small Business Economics,39(3), pp.667-684. Rothwell, W. J., (2009) The Manager's Guide to Maximizing Employee Potential: Quick and Easy Strategies to Develop Talent Every Day. New York: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Saks, A. M., (2006) Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), pp. 600-619. Schunk, D.H., Meece, J.R. and Pintrich, P.R., 2012.Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications. Pearson Higher Ed. Shields, J., (2007) Managing Employee Performance and Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Smith, D.B. and Shields, J., 2013. Factors related to social service workers' job satisfaction: Revisiting Herzberg's motivation to work.Administration in Social Work,37(2), pp.189-198. Stickland, F., (2002) The Dynamics of Change: Insights Into Organisational Transition from the Natural World. New Jersey: Routledge. Stickland, F., (2002) The Dynamics of Change: Insights Into Organisational Transition from the Natural World. New Jersey: Routledge. Susi.S Jawaharrani.K, (2011) Work-Life Balance: The key driver of employee engagement. Asian Journal of Management Research, 2(1), pp. 474-483. Susi.S Jawaharrani.K, (2011) Work-Life Balance: The key driver of employee engagement. Asian Journal of Management Research, 2(1), pp. 474-483. Truss, C. et al., (2013) Employee engagement, organisational performance and individual well-being: exploring the evidence, developing the theory. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(14), pp. 2657-2669. Weiner, B., (2012) An Attributional Theory of Motivation and Emotion. Hamburg: Springer Science Business Media.

Still Got Legs by Chameleon Circuit free essay sample

Few artists can claim to have created a new genre of music, but Chameleon Circuit, who coined the term trock (time lord rock) and created a new niche in the world of pop-culture-themed music, has done just that. The British band makes music about the long-running cult sci-fi series â€Å"Doctor Who† that chronicles the adventures of the time-traveling alien Time Lord known as the Doctor. The bands self-titled first CD was full of fantastic tunes, so their new album, â€Å"Still Got Legs,† has a tough act to follow. While the first album leapt merrily around the series almost 50-year-long past, â€Å"Still Got Legs† focuses mainly on the most recent run of the series, which features Matt Smith in the title role, his new friends Amy Pond and Rory Williams, and the enigmatic River Song. In addition, a few songs focus on the epic swan song of Smiths predecessor, David Tennant. We will write a custom essay sample on Still Got Legs by Chameleon Circuit or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Though the songs are about â€Å"Doctor Who,† they can be enjoyed by anyone, even if they havent seen a single episode. In fact, I was introduced to the band by a friend who couldnt stand the show. The CD comes in a clever case, showing the images on the door of the time machine TARDIS altered to include the names of the album and tracks. It comes with a poster of the band members and the song lyrics on the back. The fine packaging is a nice touch, but the best part is the music itself. While the first album was made up of catchy history lessons from the shows original run and clever episode summaries, â€Å"Still Got Legs† often turns scenes into songs. The Masters surprisingly touching â€Å"death† scene becomes the sinister yet sad â€Å"The Sound of Drums.† The Doctors words to a sleeping Amy before he is temporarily wiped from existence become the understated â€Å"Silence and the End of All Things.† Rorys confrontation with the Doctor becomes â€Å"Mr. Pond,† and an important episode ending is lyrically recreated with â€Å"Everything Is Ending.† Oddly enough, its easy to imagine the characters singing these tunes since they capture the essence of the scenes so well. The entire album runs together with themes transitioning from one song to the next, similar to the plot arcs that have been an integral part of the series. The album opens with a brief instrumental piece titled â€Å"The Subwave Signal,† then transitions into â€Å"Regenerate Me,† sung over a synthesized version of the theme song. In fact, various pieces of the â€Å"Doctor Who† score appear throughout the album, including a rocked-up version of the eleventh doctors theme, titled â€Å"Eleven.† â€Å"Regenerate Me† is one of several tracks that introduce the shows hero, along with the folksy â€Å"Traveling Man† and â€Å"Teenage Rebel,† a rock n roll anthem befitting Smith. Episode summaries are also included. â€Å"Big Bang Two† follows the proud tradition of taking puzzling episodes and transforming them into even more confusing songs. Meanwhile, â€Å"Kiss the Girl† tells the plot of â€Å"The Lodger† from the point of view of guest character Craig, and features a chorus youll want to sing along to. While most of the songs from the first album were upbeat and cheery, many on â€Å"Still Got Legs† take a darker turn. David Tennants final story line, â€Å"The End of Time,† is suitably covered, beginning with the haunting track â€Å"Nightmares,† the brief-but-memorable â€Å"Knock Four Times,† and musically exploding with â€Å"The Doctor Is Dying.† The song flawlessly captures the episodes epic feel. This album proves that just like the Doctor, Chameleon Circuit has still got legs.

Past Present and Future Paper Essay Sample free essay sample

Before I began my plan here at University of Phoenix my acquisition and personal growing was non a major factor. In May 2002. I was faced with a life or decease state of affairs. I was go toing a private college in New Jersey. I went in for an yearly check-up and was informed that I was pregnant. That twenty-four hours changed my life drastically. I was working two occupations and traveling to school part-time. so I ever have been hard-working and a dedicated person. Learning that I was approximately to hold a kid instantly made me go unfocussed. In December 2002. I was approximately to give birth when I broke my lower left shinbone and calf bone. I was rushed to the infirmary when I had an exigency surgery to convey my babe male child to life. My leg was still broken when I gave birth. My babe was healthy. This was happy and sad intelligence all at one time. I had to so fix for orthopaedic surgery. My organic structure was rejecting the prison guards that were put in topographic point for proper healing. Five surgeries later in a span of two old ages I realized I missed most of my lone son’s life. I was could non walk and transport him. I was placed on non-weight bearing orders from my physician for two old ages. After my surgeries. I wanted to go on my acquisition. This clip the odds are greater. My boy will profit from me traveling back to school. I began my surveies at Axia College. Get downing my educational journey at Axia was the best grownup determination I have made for myself and household. At this point in my life. I was roll uping disablement to back up my household. Although disablement helped. it was non about near to what I was doing at a regular employment. My calling end is to work at Prudential Insurance Company in the charge section. I am faced with a major dent in my sketch. I have been disabled for the past 10 old ages and I understand employers may believe that I am non experienced plenty to work at their constitution. When I began my surveies at University of Phoenix my written accomplishments were subpar. I have neer experienced finishing undertakings in a group puting. I have learned to swear other members of my group and I have besides learned subject. I have excelled in clip direction because I could do assignments and behavior undertakings in a timely mode. Through my difficult work and finding I inspired a few people along the manner. My hubby has seen how far I have come and all of the barriers I had round to gain my grade. My hubby presently attends Axia College to prosecute his Associates of Arts in Information Technology. I obtained my Associates of Arts in Accounting and I am presently in the Bachelors of Science in Management grade. The classs that had the greatest impact on my possible employer are classs such as ACC220 Survey of Accounting. MGT350 Critical Thinking: Schemes in Decision Making. ACC225 Financial Accounting. PHL323 Ethics in Management. etc. ACC220 has taught me about the accounting rhythm and accounting rules. I grasped the information that was taught ensuing in my â€Å"A† . I was excited because I had no cognition or experience in accounting and with difficult work and dedication I earned an †Å"A† ! My concluding undertaking was to make a concern program. I have neer created a concern program before. I had merriment doing my concern program and I called my concern Internet Cafe . A concern program is highly utile because I late started my ain travel concern. A concern program high spots and maps the way my concern will travel. In MGT350. I did outstanding when larning the constructs of direction. I earned an â€Å"A† . nevertheless ; it has affected my life positively by assisting me identify and work out organisational jobs. I have learned how to strategically work out workplace and personally dilemmas as they arise. I believe MGT350 impacted my mentality by learning me how to believe critically and do good determinations. In COMM215 Essentials of College Writing. I have learned that I was non every bit good a author as I thought. I earned my first â€Å"C+† . I believe if I had taken this class subsequently in my plan I would hold did better in it. I did awful on my concluding. which was a grammar quiz. After taken this class. I realized Accounting was the field for me! Before I started my plan at University of Phoenix I had problem with proper grammar. I believe I have grown in this country because University of Phoenix offers first-class resource stuffs and services. such as the library and the lab. I have learned that professionally or personally I have to be adept in composing. Businesss have to cognize that they trust that I can set an of import papers together error free. Another class that impacted my life was MTH208/209. Both of these math classs were non difficult nevertheless. MTH208 was a refresher algebra class. My high school focused on accounting so I was proficient in this country. I perfectly love math! Both of these classs focus on college algebra. By taking MTH 208/209 I realized how much I have forgotten since high school. This class impacted my determination to come on and gain my master’s in concern in accounting. Math is relates to anything an person does such as scheduling assignments. jotting down milling information. and maintaining path of hours worked on a clip sheet. My personal. professional. and educational ends will change for the following five old ages. After obtaining my unmarried mans of scientific discipline in direction. I am traveling to take some clip to self-reflect. I will reflect on what I have learned over the past four old ages at University of Phoenix. After I have taken the clip to construct my motive. I will prosecute my Masterss of concern disposal in accounting. My more focal end is to go a certified public comptroller. Accounting is based on a squad environment. The accomplishments or competences I will go on to develop are: ?People accomplishments?Sales accomplishments?Communication accomplishments?Computer accomplishments?Analytical accomplishments I am cognizant that I will hold to work a 40 to70-hour work hebdomad. I have minimum accounting experience in which includes practicing and managing my little concern financess and paperss. If I wanted to get down working for a house I would hold to get down out as a junior member. Get downing as a junior member allows me adequate clip to larn about my responsibilities and duties. As a junior member my undertakings are focused in a squad environment. The highest place I can accomplish in a corporation is the main fiscal officer besides known as the CFO. The chief accomplishment that will guarantee as the main fiscal officer is being able to associate to people. I must acknowledge I have some clip to work in this country because I am largely a shy and withdrawn individual. Today’s houses are using newer electronic systems for fixing and subjecting fiscal statements. I have gained experience working with the Peachtree accounting package called Peachtree complete. I use the Peach tree accounting package with my little concern. What Peachtree does is maintain path of sellers and grosss. I besides can maintain path of paysheet hours worked at my organisation. I will fall in an organisation called Pi Sigma Epsilon ( PSE ) . Pi Sigma Epsilon is the lone national. college girl. professional fraternal organisation in selling. gross revenues. and direction ( PSE. n. d. ) . Even though this organisation is a fraternity. it is the lone coeducational fraternity for concern pupils. Pi Sigma Epsilon gears their networking around concern big leagues who attend or have attend University of Phoenix. Pi Sigma Epsilon spouses with Geico. Enterprise. and Kodak giving their members a competitory advantage in the occupation market. I am eager to pay a little fee to go a lifetime member. I believe that fall ining Pi Sigma Epsilon will assist my networking accomplishments and launch chances that can assist me and my household. In all. womb-to-tomb acquisition does non halt. Albert Einstein stated. â€Å"Any adult male who read s excessively much and uses his ain encephalon excessively small falls into lazy wonts of thinking† ( ThinkExist. n. d. ) . Even after I graduate school I will go on journalizing and contemplating my thoughts and ideas onto paper.

Lab Report for n-Butyl Bromide Preparation Essay Example

Lab Report for n-Butyl Bromide Preparation Paper Add drop of water to aqueous solution that you plan to discard. Make SUre water dissolves then discard. Add ml MM HOSTS to remaining solution and shake. Again, remove the aqueous layer on bottom and discard. Add ml of water to solution and shake. Organic layer on bottom, transfer bottom layer to clean ml vial. Add saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate a little at a time while stirring. Shake and allow layers to separate. Transfer lower alkyl halide layer in ml conical vial using pipette. Dry solution over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Distill dry solution using Hickman still. When distillation complete, weigh the vial and calculate percent yield. Determine the infrared spectrum of product using salt plate. Day 1: First I weighed an empty ml flask with lid = 15. Egg. Then I added the n-butyl alcohol into the flask and weighed that weight = 17. Egg. I can subtract the two values to determine the exact weight of n-butyl alcohol added 17. Egg-15. Egg = 1. Egg n-butyl alcohol. I then added 2. Ml of water and about 2. Egg of sodium bromide to the flask and put it in an ice bath. I slowly added sulfuric acid drop by drop to the solution. Then I removed the flask from the ice bath and placed it in the assembled reflux apparatus and began the heating process for 60 min. After the heating process was complete, I observed that the organic layer of the mixture turned bright red. I extracted the organic layer by removing and discarding the aqueous bottom layer using a pipette. To make sure I had no organic solution in the aqueous extract, I added a drop of water and it dissolved proving that my aqueous extract was just aqueous. I put the remaining solution in a clean ml vial and put it in the freezer. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report for n-Butyl Bromide Preparation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report for n-Butyl Bromide Preparation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report for n-Butyl Bromide Preparation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Day 2: After freezing the solution overnight, the organic layer turned a copper/brown color. I added ml of HOSTS to the vial and the two layers formed with the organic layer on top. Removed and discarded the aqueous solution using a pipette. I then added ml of H2O and two layers formed with the organic layer on the bottom. Using a pipette I transferred the bottom layer too clean ml vial. Then added ml of sodium bicarbonate a little at a time, shaking and venting frequently. After the layers separated I transferred the lower alkyl halide layer to dry ml vial and dried this solution with granular anhydrous sodium sulfate. Id not have enough alkyl halide layer left to distill, so I weighed it and then performed the IR spectrum with it. Mechanism of Product Synthesis: Results: As previously stated, I did not have enough ending product to perform the distillation so this is the mass of my product without distillation involved. Mass of final product: Mass of product + vial = 21. Egg Mass o f vial only = 20. Egg Mass of product, alkyl layer = 21. Egg-20. Egg The appearance of my product was clear Percent Yield = actual/theoretical x 100 Conclusion: = 0. Egg During this experiment, there were many chances for mistakes. With every extraction of one layer from another, product could have easily been left behind and discarded in the aqueous solution. The opposite could have occurred too. Some of the aqueous solution could have ended up in the ending product, which would have prevented accuracy in the weights. Both of these errors could explain why my percent yield is so low. Every time you transfer the product into another container you risk losing some of it behind in the process.

Homer`s Ajax Essays - Mythological Kings, Ajax, Suicide, Trojans

Homer`s Ajax The relevance that the themes of tragedy could have to issues affecting the city-state even in plays whose plots had ostensibly nothing to do with life in a polis shows up clearly in Sophocles' play entitled Ajax, presented in the early 440s B.C. The play bore the name of the second-best warrior (Achilles had been preeminent) in the Greek army that besieged Troy in the Trojan War. When his fellow Greek soldiers voted to award the armor of the dead Achilles to the wily Odysseus instead of himself, Ajax went on a berserk rampage against his former friends which the goddess Athena thwarted because Ajax had once rejected her help in battle. Disgraced by his failure to secure revenge Ajax committed suicide. Odysseus then stepped in to convince the Greek chiefs to bury Ajax despite his attempted treachery because the future security of the army and the obligations of friendship demanded that they obey the divine injunction always to bury the dead. Odysseus' arguments in favor of burying Ajax anachronistically treat the army as if it were a polis, and his use of persuasive speech to achieve accommodation of conflicting individual interests to the benefit of the community corresponds to the way in which disputes in the polis were supposed to be resolved.

Analysis of the three projects

Analysis of the three projects Project Juniper The project is clearly at the initiation stage (Reiss, 2007). The risk profile for this project is lowest. It is likely to be complete in six months and making a profit within one year – one of the deliverables of this project analysis. Although investing in this project does not serve the company’s long-term needs, because technology will render it obsolete, it is a profit-making investment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the three projects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More I would rather make profits then invest a another project in three years because, in comparison, the project that will last a long time does not look long-term – 7 years is not much. These actions and thoughts are clearly the first two steps of Project Management – initiation and planning (Schwalbe, 2012). Project Palomino The project is better than Juniper on two major fronts. First, it cat ers to the company’s long-term needs as it employs existing technology. Second, the Return on Investment (ROI) is also higher though with higher overall investment (Jacobs Chase, 2011). Ana analysis of budget and time reveals that I would prefer Juniper to Palomino. Additionally, the risk profile is greater which may compromise implementation necessary risk mitigation techniques are not employed (Jacobs Chase, 2011). The critical path is the longest route in a network diagram that indicates the time the project will take. It is hard to construct a network diagram for a project with complex times and huge budgets but the availability of software for that purpose makes it easy. In this project, the techniques may be useful to the project manager in evaluating the progress of the project. Project Stargazer This project’s recommendation of getting to the deep end of the swimming pool is too risky. Bringing in a new innovative product to the market requires too much inves tment in the analysis of the project (Jacobs Chase, 2011). Hence, the cost of analysis, which is not reflected in the description, may take up any profits that the company is likely to make in the first month. Making profits in the first month is one of the deliverables of this project. The forecasted product life of 7 years is quite appealing but risky too. However, this project, is successful, may set the company apart from the others. The management will be happy for been the innovative house. Customers will appreciate the company’s innovativeness, which they will reciprocate with trust. Hence, the future may look so bright for the company (Jacobs Chase, 2011). Recommendation In light of key deliverables – profits within the first year, time, and budget Project Stargazer is the riskiest. The budgets are high and the possibility of non-completion quite high too. However, I would recommend the project for implementation stage (Jacobs Chase, 2011). The initiation a nd planning stages take up quite some investment in budget. The stages are also quite speculative. Implementation is likely to reveal greater loopholes.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company will be investing in more than just this project because the future of the company as an innovation house will be guaranteed. Its NPV is greatest and its payback period second best. Although the budgets are almost double the other two projects, Project Stargazer’s benefits far outweigh the budgetary thinking. This project’s project manager may find it quite useful to engage the use of a Gantt chart in managing complexity in cost and time. References Jacobs, R. Chase, B. (2011). Operations and supply management: The core. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education Reiss, G. (2007). Project Management Demystified. New York, NY: Routledge. Schwalbe, K. (2012). An in troduction to project management. Minneapolis: Kathy Schwalbe LLC.

Cause Effect Papers

Cause Effect Papers Cause Effect Papers Cause Effect Papers: Why and What? You may be surprised by the fact that writing of cause effect papers is rather fascinating task. But it is so, indeed! Why? When writing cause effect papers students investigate causes and effects of certain events or phenomena that have taken or are taking place in nature or human society. Is it not interesting to find out why World War I started or what may be results of the carbon emission increasing? So, lets consider how to do this interesting task in order to get high grades! In what way should cause effect papers be written? It is up to you to decide whether you want to study causes or effects, whether you want to research the main causes/effects among numerous ones. The matter point is that you should be interested in the issue. The process of writing of cause effect papers First of all, one should stress that writing of cause effect papers like any other assignment papers should begin with determining of a topic. If you are not provi ded with a certain topic for your writing, your task is more difficult. You should think about what you want to study in your cause effect paper. Remember: choose the topic that is interesting for you. It will be much easier for you to write your paper. Besides, you will be able to make your paper interesting for your audience. So, then the process of your writing starts.Study the issue. Before writing about any causes or effects you should study the issue in question properly. Remember: the more information on the topic you will find, the better you will highlight the issue. Make a thesis statement. State what exactly you are discussing. Pay attention your thesis statement should be short and clear. Make an outline. Determine the main points you are going to highlight in your paper: causes, effects or both causes and effects. Write your paper. Try to use different facts, examples, results of some observations, some figures. That will make your paper more interesting and convincing. The usage of various transitional words and phrases such as first of all, firstly, secondly, this suggestion is supported by the fact that, it seems that, moreover will help you put your thoughts clearly and logically. Do not forget to check your cause effect paper! Any mistakes may easily spoil the impression about your paper and, hence, your grade. So, re-read your paper for several times paying attention to grammar, spelling, punctuation and the whole contents. So, bearing in mind this information will help you in writing any of cause effect papers.

Qué es e-verify y cómo afecta el trabajo de inmigrantes

Quà © es e-verify y cà ³mo afecta el trabajo de inmigrantes El programa  e-verify es una herramienta gratuita en Internet del Gobierno federal que permite a empresas y empleadores individuales verificar, en el momento de una nueva contratacià ³n, si la persona que pretenden  emplear est autorizada para trabajar legalmente en Estados Unidos. E-verify utiliza la informacià ³n sobre el potencial empleado que cada empresa registra  en la planilla que se conoce como I-9 y que el empleador introduce en el programa para compararla con informacià ³n de las bases de datos del Departamento de Seguridad Interna (DHS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) y de la Administracià ³n de la Seguridad Social. En apenas unos segundos se obtiene la respuesta confirmando que el potencial trabajador est autorizado o, por el contrario, que no lo est. La respuesta negativa se seà ±ala con una nota conocida como no confirmacià ³n tentativa (TNC, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) y que equivale a una no autorizacià ³n. En este artà ­culo se informa sobre el funcionamiento de este programa, quà © empresas estn obligadas a utilizarlo, quà © hacer cuando e-verify no confirma que una persona est autorizada para trabajar y, finalmente, cà ³mo cualquier persona puede comprobar quà © informacià ³n tiene  este programa sobre ella. Cà ³mo funciona e-verify Las empresas o los empleadores individuales pueden darse de alta y registrarse gratuitamente en la pgina oficial del Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Necesitan tener a mano el EIN, que es el nà ºmero federal que identifica a la empresa o al empresario. La pgina de inscripcià ³n  brinda cuatro formas de acceso, que dependen de las circunstancias de la empresa. Es importante seguir las instrucciones y darse de alta en la opcià ³n correcta. Precisamente porque puede ser confuso,  muchas empresas prefieren utilizar los servicios de compaà ±Ãƒ ­as privadas que actà ºan como agentes de e-verify. En todo caso, las empresas deben firmar electrà ³nicamente un contrato que se conoce por las iniciales de MOU (Memorndum de Entendimiento, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) y que regula el uso que se puede hacer de e-verify. Por à ºltimo, cabe destacar que e-verify solamente se puede utilizar para verificar informacià ³n sobre nuevos empleados,  nunca sobre personas que ya estn trabajando para una empresa. Quà © empresas estn obligadas a utilizar e-verify En este punto la respuesta no es fcil ni à ºnica, ya que la obligatoriedad o no de e-verify est regulada por leyes federales y estatales, lo cual tiene como una de sus consecuencias que se producen enormes diferencias entre estados. En todo caso, en la actualidad ms de un millà ³n de empresas utilizan este programa. En primer lugar,  todas las empresas pueden libre y gratuitamente utilizar el servicio de e-verify, si asà ­ lo desean, para asegurarse de que todos los empleados que contratan tienen papeles para trabajar legalmente en Estados Unidos. Esto aplica a los 50 estados de la Unià ³n y tambià ©n a sus territorios, como por ejemplo Puerto Rico, aunque en este punto hay excepciones, como el caso de la Samoa americana. En cuanto a la obligacià ³n de registrarse y utilizar e-verify de acuerdo a las leyes federales, aplican varios supuestos, siendo el ms comà ºn  el que afecta a las empresas que contratan con el gobierno federal o alguna de sus agencias. En este caso, la regla general es que todas las empresas estn obligadas, a menos que aplique algunas de las excepciones, como es el caso de que el contrato entre el gobierno y la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a se extienda por menos de 120 dà ­as, o el monto de la obra o servicio sea inferior a $150.000 o que el trabajo se desarrolle en su totalidad fuera de los Estados Unidos. Asimismo, esa regla aplica en los casos de subcontrataciones y empresas afiliadas, si bien la ley permite excepciones. Pero adems existen otras reglas federales menos conocidas que  tambià ©n imponen el obligado cumplimiento de este programa. Por ejemplo, es imperativo registrase y utilizar e-verify cuando se contrata a estudiantes internacionales con visa F-1 para el programa OPT en su modalidad de extensià ³n para carreras STEM (Ciencias, Tecnologà ­a, Ingenierà ­a y Matemticas, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). En cuanto a los estados, se producen situaciones extremadamente diversas que van desde la prohibicià ³n de utilizar e-verify a nivel estatal a la obligatoriedad de utilizarlo para agencias y contratistas de los gobiernos estatales y locales, y tambià ©n para la mayorà ­a de empresas privadas, incluso en el caso de que carezcan de  relacià ³n de negocios con las administraciones pà ºblicas. Debido a la gran variedad legislativa se recomienda verificar la ley que aplica en cada estado. Este artà ­culo se limita a mencionar la situacià ³n en los siete  estados con ms poblacià ³n inmigrante y en cuyos territorios residen el 70 por ciento de los migrantes presentes en la actualidad en Estados Unidos.   Asà ­, en aplicacià ³n de la Ley de Aceleracià ³n del Empleo de 2011, en California est prohibido que las agencias estatales, las ciudades o los condados exijan a las empresas privadas el uso de e-verify. Adems, desde 2016 las empresas que utilicen e-verify pueden ser multadas con un mximo de $10.000 si utilizan la informacià ³n obtenida a travà ©s de ese sistema para una finalidad distinta a la de verificar autorizacià ³n para trabajar de una persona. En Florida, en aplicacià ³n de la Orden Ejecutiva 11-02, estn obligados a utilizar e-verify todas las empresas que presten servicios o vendan productos a agencias estatales. En Illinois la ley HB1743 permite el uso de e-verify por parte de empresas privadas pero penaliza el mal uso de la informacià ³n obtenida. Adems, la ley SB11 prohibe a agencias estatales o locales exigir el empleo de e-verify. En Nueva Jersey y en Nueva York no existen leyes ni à ³rdenes ejecutivas regulando el empleo de e-verify, por lo tanto su aplicacià ³n a nivel estatal es voluntario. En Pennsylvania, la ley SB625 requiere el uso de e-verify para todos los contratistas y subcontratistas de obras pà ºblicas por un importe superior a $25.000. En Texas, por orden ejecutiva RP-80, estn obligados a utilizar e-verify las agencias estatales y los contratistas con el estado. Adems, en aplicacià ³n de la ley SB374 las instituciones de educacià ³n superior, como por ejemplo universidades, estn obligadas a usar este sistema. Quà © hacer si e-verify emite una no confirmacià ³n tentativa (TNC) El sistema puede fallar por  contener informacià ³n errà ³nea o no actualizada. Es por ello que, ante  esa situacià ³n, el empleado tiene dos opciones. En primer lugar, aceptar la negativa, en cuyo caso el empleador dar por terminada la relacià ³n entre ambas partes. Pero, en segundo lugar, puede apelar esa decisià ³n del sistema e-verify. En este caso el empleador no puede posponer el inicio del trabajo o del entrenamiento, ni tampoco puede suspenderlo o aplazarlo si ya ha comenzado. Adems, el empleado debe contactar o bien con  el DHS o bien con la Administracià ³n de la Seguridad Social. La opcià ³n depende de lo que diga el sistema de e-verify cuando notifica la negativa. Si se debe contactar con el DHS,  el telà ©fono para marcar es el  888-897-7781  y debe hacerse dentro de los ocho dà ­as laborales siguientes a la decisià ³n de no confirmacià ³n tentativa. Deben tenerse a mano todos los datos generados por la TNC, como por ejemplo el nà ºmero de caso. Adems, debe esperarse preguntas relacionadas con cambios de estatus migratorios y las fechas en los que tuvieron lugar. Por el contrario, si se debe contactar la Administracià ³n de la Seguridad Social,  en ese caso se tiene que acudir en persona  a una de las oficinas locales dentro de los ocho dà ­as laborales siguientes a recibir la TNC. Entre los documentos que deben llevarse destacan la notificacià ³n de la no confirmacià ³n tentativa, una identificacià ³n  que muestre nombre, apellidos y edad, acreditacià ³n de la ciudadanà ­a americana, si se tiene, o de la tarjeta de residencia permanente, si ese es el caso. E-verify self-check Cualquier persona mayor de 16 aà ±os puede utilizar e-verify para comprobar  si, segà ºn las bases de datos del gobierno federal, est autorizado para trabajar en Estados Unidos. Esta opcià ³n, que se conoce popularmente como self-check y est disponible en espaà ±ol, permite corregir posibles errores que puedan aparecer en ese programa antes de solicitar empleo en una empresa por primera vez.   Documentos que permiten trabajar legalmente en Estados Unidos Para finalizar, recuerda  que los documentos que permiten acreditar que se est autorizado para trabajar son cualquiera de los siguientes: Los que prueben la ciudadanà ­a estadounidenseLa tarjeta de residencia permanente, conocida tambià ©n como green cardEl permiso de trabajo (EAD, por sus siglas en inglà ©s)Una visa vigente de trabajo o de intercambio, en estos dos à ºltimos casos respetando siempre las condiciones especà ­ficas de cada visa. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

What was the larger strategic significance of the failure of the Essay

What was the larger strategic significance of the failure of the Gallipoli expedition 1915-1916 - Essay Example The result was a huge loss of manpower and resources on both the sides. The Gallipoli Expedition also known popularly as the "Dardanelles operation of 1915" is regarded as one of the major failure for the Allied forces in World War I. It affected both the Central powers as well as the Entente alike. Several lessons were learned from the expedition with the most important of them being the following Trust the instincts and act with common sense as the situation prompts while planning the attacks instead of following the bookish lessons. Trust the war tactics and the people instead of depending on the technology completely Archaic titles and birth privileges are just not enough to win the military war, but merit and true valour. The Dardanelles expedition influenced the politics of the European nations as well as the Middle East countries in many different ways. The larger strategic significance gained from the failure of the Gallipoli expedition in 1915-1916 led the Entente to reform their war tactics and win the World War I. The failure came as a hit to the Anglo-French coalition's pride. The blow awakened them literally from falling into disaster practicing their traditional war strategies. On the other hand it led to major reforms in countries like Turkey opening the gates of the democracy in the Middle East. The Gallipoli Expedition The Gallipoli expedition was fought between the Ottoman Empire and the Western nations. The Anglo-French armies were largely assisted by nations like New Zealand and Australia. ANZAC or the Australia and New Zealand Army Corps played a major role in the campaign. The Entente were headed by General Sir Ian Hamilton and the Ottoman Turks were led by Kemal Pasha Ataturk. It is important to explore the reason behind the origin of the World War if we have to understand the importance of the Dardanelles expedition. The Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Australia and his wife Sophie were murdered by Serbian terrorists on 28th June 1914. Serbi a was an independent state but was annexed by the Austria in 1908 amidst great protests. The prince's ideas of reforms were quite unpopular among the elite as well the freedom movements in Serbia. There were several nationalistic movements in the country which feared the Serbs might be repressed further by the reforms as the Prince Ferdinand was next in line to throne. Hence they carried out the assassination which triggered many long standing disputes between the various major European powers. The World War I termed as the 'Great War' took nearly 20 million lives and left more than 21 million wounded (Fromkin, 1989). The causes for the origin of the war were much debated and its effects were felt for a long time in the world. Historians like Wolfgang Mommsen analyzed various reasons for the German uprising and termed it was a measure to divert the public from other issues like inequality created due to industrialization, democratization and the other core issues the average German citizen had started to question his rulers (Keiger, 1983). Each country in Europe was influenced by a different principle starting from militarism to imperialism and nationalism. Each was in direct conflict with the other. The assassination of the Archduke made them take sides. Major military Powers like the Great Britain, France and Russia joined hands on one side forming the Entente while the Germany, Austria and Hungary along with other small nations joined together on the opposite side forming the Central Powers.1 The growing power of Germany alarmed both its eastern and western neighbours the Russia and France. Hence, they formed an alliance together with the Great Britain to defend

Consumer Psychology and Buyer Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Consumer Psychology and Buyer Behavior - Essay Example It is of utmost importance for the marketer to know the behavioural patterns of the target consumers much before the product is launched. Therefore, it can be said without any doubt that the study of consumer behaviour has been the arena of constant research for a marketer. A person can be referred to as consumer if he shows his willingness to obtain goods or services from a seller with the intention of making payments. Consumer behaviour can be defined as the study of variables that determine the purchasing behaviour of any willing person to purchase any product or service. Consumer behaviour is believed to be influenced by the factors like psychology, sociology and economics apart from the product knowledge, product specifications and brand recognition. Cultural factors - The behaviour of a grown up person often depends upon the set of values, perceptions and his preferences as a child, which he acquired from his family or other influential sources. Each culture also has certain sub-cultures within it which provides more specific identification of their behaviour. A subculture includes religion, nationality, region and racial groups. A proper understanding of the implications and bearings of the sub-cultures assists the marketer to analyse the behaviours of the consumer in an effective way. Another important factor that must be taken into consideration along with the cultural factor is that of social class. Social class is indicated by a cluster of variables like occupation, wealth, income and education among other factors. Social class is a crucial variable because a person is often perceived as inferior or superior based upon the social class. It has been observed that social classes essentially differ in dress, speech, hobbies, etc. Social Factors - The social factors like reference groups, family, roles and ranks also determine the behaviour of the consumer. Reference groups are the groups that have a direct influence on the attitude of the buyer, which might affect his purchasing behaviour. Groups that have direct influence on the consumers are known as membership groups. Membership groups can be subdivided into two categories, namely primary group (which consists of family, friends and neighbours with whom the person interacts informally) and the secondary group (which calls for more formal interaction and often based upon profession or religion). The studies on consumer psychology have also shown that people often get influenced by the groups to which they are not directly related. It might take the form of an aspirational group (it is that group to which the person longs to get associated and behaves the way the group does) or a dissociative group (the consumer do not like the group and so behaves in a way so that is not same as the way the group does). The other major player among the reference group is the opinion leader. Opinion leader is a person who is believed to have a sound knowledge on a product and its usage and takes informal channel of

Different Aspects of Statistics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Different Aspects of Statistics - Research Paper Example man about his likes and dislikes. For these different methods of statistics like sampling, probability, index numbers and others are used. Different aspects of statistics There are various aspects of statistics that are used in the business and cover different areas. All those aspects differ in their use and application. From policy making to administration and from raw material to the final production and sales, from demand forecasting to the supply of the product, statistical methods are required in every kind of business. However, the fact cannot be denied that there are certain limitations of statistics as well where it cannot work however in most of the cases the use of statistics has been made possible by the renowned statisticians and policy makers. Statistics is not only used by the private entrepreneurs but also by the government entities in formulating the policies. Those include both the short term and long term policies. (Keller, 2008) Demand forecasting Demand forecastin g is an analysis about the demand of a specific product in a given locality. Many factors likewise per capital income and economic condition of the country and similar others are considered before forecasting the demand. This is mainly done by the sales and marketing departments of the entity. This enables the production department to work more effectively. The due care must be taken before doing such a forecast because if it is underestimated it means the company has lost its sales and if it is over estimated this can result in waste of resources. Therefore it is recommended that demand forecasting must be done by specialists after reviewing all the necessary information available with them. Though the forecasting is very difficult and seems impossible however if information available with the forecasters is accurate and also they possess the required skills they may forecast the demand up to almost accurate level. This makes the company competitive in the market and helps in bette r provision of services and meets the real demand of the market. Some unusual factors like seasonal changes, promotional schemes and discount for valued customers may also cause an error in accurate forecasting of demand as these would attract more customers. All such factors should also be considered before collecting any kind of data. Concept of demand forecasting can better be understood by the following example. (Keller, 2008) Example: The demand for a product in each of the last five months is shown below. Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Demand 10 13 18 27 29 26 20 We can see that demand for a specific product is increasing slowly for the first three months but there is a sudden increase in the demand in the 4th month. This may be because many factors like seasonal change, a promotional scheme or some other however demand starts decreasing from the 6th month. At the time of forecasting demand professionals consider all the factors that what would be the demand of the product in a particula r time. Decision makers then use different kinds of statistical methods which are

Western Civilization Vs their Colonies Civilization Essay

Western Civilization Vs their Colonies Civilization - Essay Example Western Civilization Vs their Colonies Civilization The main objective of this essay is to deliberate on the claim without biasness and give backing of the arguments with documented information. Other sectors argue that science and technology become the rulers of the world rather than agriculture and survival; is this civilization or modernization2. Humans have been in existence for over a million years yet civilization is only 5000 years old. According to Global Hegemony and the rise of technology3, technology becomes a necessity for economic requirements and this seems to support the claim of the western Europeans that they were more civilized. According to Carlyle, industrialization becomes the victory of man over nature. To an extent this purported claim and made the British feel superior that others and imposed their beliefs on others. As their technologies grow the European forcibly put down others civilizations if they did not agree to their ways. This put a pose or question mark on the civilization claim of the European since civilization is supposed to be a good thing why forced others. The approach of the western European to force other on civilization brought more question on their intent than purpose. The European has assisted in the transportation system, communication and other aspect of technology; however, they borrowed the concepts from others such as Asians and even some from part of Africa such as Egypt. This borrowing makes it difficult to whole heartedly give the Western European all the credits about the civilization in their colonies. Iraq, India, China, Egypt, Central America and then the Barbarian West are all credited for the civilization growth in the world. Why would Western European claim that they were more superior yet they borrowed their technologies? It is in order to conclude that they were more civilized; however, wrong to purport that others were uncivilized. The civilization the European claim so much is a bout the development of cities; however, civilization is broader than the cities and claiming technologies overtook agriculture and survival negate the definition of civilization. The above arguments do not dispute the claim that European were civilized than their colonies but emphasize the understanding of civilization. Further more, it their give a chance to reflect between civilization and modernization4. The two are clearly different one is based on technology advancement the other focuses more on the living jointly and cooperatively. A swing had happened as an effect of the industrial revolution. Asian civilizations, like China, Africa civilization, like Egypt and other civilizations, which were once considered impressive and steady5. European countries or nations viewed the earth or universe through the aspect of technology and disregarded any consideration for civilization. As their technology advanced, Europeans expanded to other nations in order to spread their superior ideas and inventions. When civilization is considered in regards to Afric a; Western European were more advanced technology wise. The European considered Africa culture as devoid of technology and primitive. If Africa had the resources as the Western or other nations would they be considered primitive? Opportunities and resources facilitated the civilization or technology advancement of the Western6. When we consider the definition of

The Concept of Human Rights Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Concept of Human Rights - Research Paper Example   Theory of human rights is explored in terms of the three generations theory suggested by Vasak. Finally, the place of human rights and various controversies related to their violations in the modern world are discussed. Human Rights Most often we hear the phrase â€Å"human rights† when someone talks about the protection of human rights in the modern world. Indeed, as Hafner-Burton & Tsutsui observe, â€Å"the protection of human rights is one of the most pressing and yet most elusive goals of the international community† (Hafner & Tsutsui, 2005, p. 1373). Claude & Weston, too, admit that the idea of human rights â€Å"has found its way around the globe†, so that every day people are reminded of its importance (Claude & Weston, 2006, p. 3). In the United States, people demand that the homeless get better condition, health insurance be fit for all, torture be brought to an end on the military bases; in Brazil and other countries, the indigenous peoples fight a gainst colonization of their lands and their dispossession; Tibetan monks resort to demonstrations to stop the Chinese from meddling with customs; Cuban people petition for just elections and free speech; the Burmese challenge enslavement practices used by the country’s government to force them construct a gas pipeline which belongs to one multinational company, etc. All these issues are classified as human rights (Claude & Weston, 2006). The fact that people all around the globe have to deal with it evidences its universal character and capacity to impact people’s aspirations. Yet, what exactly is â€Å"human rights†? This paper explores the concept of human rights in relation to its meaning, origin, history, theory, and place in the contemporary world. The Human Rights Concept The concept of human rights is based on an understanding of human rights as – literally – the rights that a person has because of being human. Hence, human rights are exerc ised universally by all people as well as they universally hold against any other person or institution. Human rights, believed to be the highest moral rights, regulate basic structures and major practices of political life; besides, in everyday situations, they are known to have an advantage over other claims of moral, political, or legal nature (Donelly, 2003, p. 1). The universality of human rights is their distinctive feature. As ideal standards, or in the word, human rights have been accepted almost in every country, since all states proclaim adherence to the international norms of human rights on a regular basis. However, these days the concept of human rights is more often spoken of in relation to human rights violations. Constant reports in the media about people becoming victims of state regimes suffer from â€Å"crimes against humanity†, injustices, and cruelties. This is the modern discourse of human rights and it is predominantly legal (Freeman, 2011, p.9). Freema n argues that legal understanding of human rights and turning them into an exclusively technical term by lawyers has led to the distortion of this concept.  Ã‚  

Theoretical Positions of Jung, Adler, and Freud Essay Example for Free

Theoretical Positions of Jung, Adler, and Freud Essay Recently, there has been a debate on the subject of a statutory minimum wage. Different parties have different point of views about it. The unionists believe setting a higher amount can help to reduce the continuously increased wealth gap in Hong Kong, but the businessmen worry that it will increase the operating costs of their businesses. I will discuss the pros and cons of a statutory minimum wage in the following paragraphs. For the advantages, firstly, a minimum wage can force employers to offer reasonable salaries to their employees and give them guidelines on how rational salaries should be set. This can help to protect employees from being exploited. Secondly, the problem of income inequality can be addressed by increasing low-income groups’ salaries so that it can help to promote social justice and greatly improve social harmony and stability. Moreover, the policy can encourage the unemployed citizens to rejoin the work force and thus reduce the burden on the government. Although there are many advantages of setting a minimum wage, there are some drawbacks too. The unemployment rate may rise after implementing the minimum wage law. Due to the increase of operating costs or production costs, some employers may lay off their staff. And it may discourage employees to improve their working attitude and skills as their wages are protected under the statutory minimum wage system, working incentive may thus become low. When we talk about the level of a statutory minimum wage, we have a lot to concerned about, for example, the economic situation, GDP etc. I think the living standard is very high in Hong Kong at present, so the level of a statutory minimum wage should be high enough to meet a family’s daily expenses. At the same time, we should also consider the financial burden on the employers. If not, laying off staff or even closing down the businesses may be the result. The government, therefore, should consider all these issues, think twice and make a wise decision. From http://www. tkp. edu. hk/newsletter/archives/2610 News Point Secretary for Labour and Welfare Matthew Cheung Kin-chung ( ) explained how the members of the Provisional Minimum Wage Commission ( ) came to be agreed on the initial statutory minimum wage rate. According to him, they considered four main criteria: 1. it should not be too low; 2. it would not cause low-paid jobs to disappear in large numbers; 3. it would not inhibit economic development; 4. it would not significantly damage Hong Kongs competitive advantages. To protect labour rights, Hong Kong may need not only minimum wage legislation but also standard working hours legislation ( ). The Legislative Council has adopted a motion to call for the enactment of such a law. To encourage underprivileged citizens and low-income employees living in remote districts to find work or stay in employment, the government launched in 2007 a pilot transport support scheme (). Under the scheme, eligible citizens have been provided with time-limited transport allowances. The Labour Department ( ) is responsible for protecting other labour rights enshrined in various pieces of labour legislation (such as the Employment Ordinance ( )). Minimum wage a issue for people to decide: Hong Kong chief Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) Chief Executive Donald Tsang on Friday continued to defend his decision not to legislate on the controversial minimum- wage issue in his latest Policy Address. Speaking on RTHK Friday, two days after presenting his Policy Address, Tsang said he did not want to see the issue dealt with in court as some legislators have said they would press ahead with plans to seek a judicial review after the government decided not to legislate for a minimum wage at the moment. It is a matter for the people to decide, not the courts, Tsang told a call-in radio show Friday morning. I think we should try to solve this matter amicably, in the community. Fundamentally it is not even the legislature and the government. It is a matter for the people, he added, in response to what he called a very strong union and labor voice on minimum wage. In Hong Kong, the arguments on minimum wage between the labor and the employers have lasted for many years but without consensus. The labor has always pressed ahead to legislate on minimum wage among the security and cleaners sectors in particular as soon as possible. But employers said in order to compete in a globalized economy, it is a remaining advantage for Hong Kong not to force employers to accept the deal via legislation. If this matter were pushed through the Legislative Council at the moment, Tsang said, it would be a very, very bloody fight there would be serious arguments over this, the community would be torn apart. In his policy address, Tsang proposed to launch a Wage Protection Movement for workers in the security and cleaning sectors. He promised to legislate on the minimum-wages issues two years later if the movement fails and employers are not paying market rates. ‘Hong Kong lawmakers debate minimum wage CNN 14 Jul 10 Hong Kong lawmakers resumed debate Wednesday on a bill that may result in the regions first statutory minimum wage. The Minimum Wage Bill is a controversial piece of legislation that lawmakers hope will protect the most vulnerable workers in Hong Kong, one of the few places in the world without any sort of minimum wage law. The debate is set to take two to three days. A recent government survey showed that around half a million workers in Hong Kong earn less than $4 an hour. These include low-skilled workers from the catering, retail, and cleaning industries. According to Man Hon Poon, a policy researcher at the Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Union, the lack of legal protection for workers has led to serious exploitation. Workers in restaurants have to work for 12 hours or even 14 hours a day to earn a living, he said. They cannot even go to the cinema. Legislator Tommy Cheung, however, claims that the government should not interfere with the free market economy, which he says has served Hong Kong well in the past. A minimum wage could deter investors and lead to increased unemployment, said Cheung, who represents the catering industry. There is one fear within the industry, that they would have to close down, he said. When you see a closure, everyone loses out. The government first proposed the current bill in 2008 following a failed attempt at a voluntary minimum wage. Labor unions, however, have been lobbying for a minimum wage since 1998, following the Asian financial crisis. The rate of the minimum wage has also been under great debate. Trade unions have been demanding a minimum wage of $4 while employer groups have been asking for $3 per hour. If the bill passes this week, the rate of the minimum wage will be set by the Minimum Wage Commission, a consortium of trade union members, employers and scholars, in the coming months. Once the chief executive approves the rate, employers will have six months to implement the law. The Hong Kong government estimates that the earliest the minimum wage law may take effect is May 2011. http://edition. cnn. com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/07/14/china. hong. kong. minimum. wage/index. html? hpt=T2fbid=cFYYtTV0ap3 The Minimum Wage: An Unfair Advantage for Employers October 1989 †¢ Volume: 39 †¢ Issue: 10 †¢ Print This Post †¢ 1 comment Professor Boudreaux teaches economics at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. Suppose you want to help the sellers of a specific product. One thing you might want to do is try to ensure that a buyers’ market for that good or service isn’t created. A buyers’ market is an economic situation that favors buyers over sellers. For example, everyone hopes that the real-estate market in his hometown will be a sellers’ market when the time comes to sell his house. No one wants to have to sell a house when real estate is in a buyers’ market. Nevertheless, people who advocate mini- mum-wage legislation to improve the lot of unskilled workers in effect support government creation of a buyers’ market as a way to help sellers of unskilled labor. Freely Moving Prices: The Great Equalizer Economics and common sense teach us that, other things being equal, as the price of a product rises, more units will be offered for sale but fewer units will be demanded by consumers. If a price is too low, there will be an excess demand for the good or service in question, and buyers will compete for the limited quantities available by offering higher prices to sellers. If a price is too high, there will be an excess supply, and sellers (who cannot sell all that they wish at the high price) will compete for customers by offering lower prices. So long as there are no government-imposed restrictions on prices, prices will tend to adjust in each market so that the quantities demanded will be equal to the quantities supplied. It is important to realize that prices change only when there are bargaining inequalities between buyers and sellers. Prices rise only when the amount demanded by buyers is greater than the amount supplied by sellers; prices fall only when the amount demanded by buyers is less than the amount supplied by sellers. Put another way, prices rise only when there is a sellers’ market, and prices fall only when there is a buyers’ market. The rise or fall of prices, however, eliminates the inequality of supply and demand and, thus, eliminates the conditions that people describe as sellers’ markets and buyers’ markets. Freedom of price adjustments ensures equality of bargaining power among buyers and sellers. Freely moving prices are the great equalizer. Employers compete for human labor services, like most things of value in a society based on private property in a market in which sellers and buyers engage in voluntary exchanges. Wage rates (in combination with other forms of compensation) are determined in the labor market. If this market isn’t hampered by government, wages will constantly adjust so employers and employees enjoy equal bargaining power. Of course, unskilled workers aren’t as productive as workers with greater skills, and so wage rates for skilled labor tend to be higher than wages for unskilled labor. It is a myth, however, that highly skilled workers enjoy greater bargaining power with employers than do workers with fewer skills. If wage rates are free to adjust to their market-clearing levels, unskilled workers will enjoy as much bargaining power as the most highly skilled workers, because freely moving wage rates adjust so that the amount of each type of labor demanded will tend to equal the amount supplied. Employers can have no bar gaining advantage over even the most unskilled workers if wage rates are free to move to the levels at which the amount of labor services demanded is equal to the amount supplied by workers. Freely moving wage rates are the great equalizer of bargaining positions among employers and employees. The Minimum Wage: The Great Unequalizer Minimum-wage legislation prohibits wages from falling low enough to equate the number of people seeking jobs with the number of jobs being offered. As a result, the supply of unskilled labor permanently exceeds the demand for’ unskilled labor at the government-mandated minimum wage. Minimum-wage legislation thus creates a buyers’ market for unskilled labor. And as in all buyers’ markets, buyers (employers) have an unequal bargaining advantage over sellers (unskilled workers). Consider, for example, a grocer. Suppose he decides that a clean parking lot will attract more customers, and that this will increase his sales by $10 per day. Of course, the grocer will pay no more than $10 a day to have his parking lot cleaned. He then investigates how best to get this done. Suppose there are two options available to him. One way is to hire a fairly skilled worker who can clean the parking lot in one hour, while the second way is to hire two unskilled workers who, working together, will get the job done in the same time. Other things being equal, the grocer will make his decision based upon the relative cost of skilled versus unskilled labor. Let’s assume the skilled worker will charge $6 an hour, while each of the unskilled workers will charge $2. 50 an hour. In a free labor market, the grocer will hire the two unskilled workers be-cause, in total, it costs him $5 per hour for the unskilled workers whereas it would cost $6 for the one skilled worker. But what will the grocer do if a minimum wage of $4 per hour is imposed? To hire the two unskilled workers will now cost him a total of $8 an hour. The skilled worker now becomes the better bargain at $6 an hour. Minimum-wage legislation strips unskilled workers of their one bargaining chip: the willingness to work at a lower wage than that charged by workers with more skills. The result is unemployment of the unskilled workers. Consider another effect of the minimum wage. Because there are more people who want jobs at the minimum wage rate than there are jobs to go around, employers have little incentive to treat unskilled workers with respect. If an employer mistreats an unskilled worker, the employer need not be concerned if the worker quits. After all, there are plenty of unemployed unskilled workers who can be hired to fill positions vacated by workers who quit. In addition, the permanent buyers’ market created by the minimum wage encourages employers to discriminate in their hiring and firing decisions on the basis of sex, race, religion, and so on. Suppose an employer has two minimum-wage jobs available, but there are ten unskilled workers who apply for the jobs. Bemuse the workers are prohibited from competing with each other on the basis of wage rates, other factors must determine which of the workers will be hired. If the employer dislikes blacks, and if there are at least two non-black workers who have applied for employment, no black workers will be hired. With a surplus of unskilled workers, there is no economic incentive to stop this bigoted employer from indulging his prejudices. Conclusion Minimum-wage legislation creates an excess supply of unskilled labor and gives the buyers of unskilled labor an unfair bargaining advantage over the sellers of unskilled labor. It is a fantasy to believe that the welfare of unskilled workers can be improved by such legislation. Unskilled workers shouldn’t be restricted to a permanent buyers’ market. Hong Kong Sets Minimum Wage At HK$28 Per Hour The citys new minimum wage finally has been released. The HK$28/hour base is roughly the cost of two cartons of milk, a fast food meal or four premium beers. Secretary for Labor and Welfare Matthew Cheung Kin-chung said the new wage, set to come into effect May 1 if it passes the legislature, represented an average wage increase of 16. 9 percent affecting some 314,600 employees. The cost will be roughly HK$3. 3 billion. Tabled for discussion at the Legislative Council Wednesday, the new wage was a milestone in the protection of the rights of low-income workers and a hard-won achievement given the controversy amid the citys laissez faire system, Chief Executive Donald Tsang said. To offset the impact on the labor market, the Labor Department will improve employment services for the young, middle-aged and those with disabilities, he added. By the Minimum Wage Commissions estimates, the new minimum wage amounts to 48 percent of Hong Kongs median hourly wage during the second quarter of 2009. More than half (61. 4 percent) of the more than 314,000 workers expected to benefit from the new minimum wage are women. A quarter of those who will benefit are over the age of 65 and 18 percent work in a part-time capacity, Cheung said. On a sector basis, 35. 5 percent of workers are from security and cleaning companies while 19 percent work in restaurants and 16 percent in retail. Cheung said the impact on employment will be relatively mild, especially when viewed against the improving economic and labor market conditions. Shying away from commenting on concerns that employers would start cutting back on employee benefits to offset increases in costs due to the new wage, Cheung urged employers to communicate closely with their employees, particularly to have frank discussions [and to] work together. Unionist lawmaker Lee Cheuk-yan said he was disappointed with the rate saying it will be based on figures two years old before its implementation, adding HK$28 an hour was not enough to provide for a family. He favored the HK$33 an hour rate supported by employee groups. Commission chairwoman Teresa Cheng Yeuk-wah said the commission does not think a HK$33 hourly rate was sustainable. She noted, half the burden would eat into company profits while the number of companies falling into the red would go up by 60 percent. She added those companies employed 120,000 workers. Catering lawmaker Tommy Cheung Yu-yan said the new wage would be difficult for smaller operators to bear, calling for government relief such as the waiver of licenses fees for one year and subsidies (RTTNews) Hong Kong will implement its first minimum wage rate, set at HK$28 per hour, from next year, the Secretary for Labor and Welfare Matthew Cheung Kin-chung said Wednesday. The initial statutory minimum wage rate at 3. 61 per hour in U.S dollar terms will come into force on May 1, 2011. The rate was higher than that demanded by business, and less than the HK$33 favored by trade unions. Cheung said that the statutory minimum wage, which is totally new to Hong Kong, is intended to protect grassroots workers and ensure that the pay that they get is commensurate with the hours worked. Regarding the wage rate, Chief Executive Donald Tsang said that it has been a subject of controversy and it is also a milestone in our protection of the rights of low-income workers. The minimum wage ordinance notice 2010 will be published in the Gazette on November 12 and tabled at the Legislative Council on November 17. About 314,600 or 11. 3% of Hong Kongs employees will be effected by the change, with 61. 4% being women staff, 25. 3% employees aged 55 and above, and 18. 8% part-time workers, the governments information service department said. In July, Hong Kongs Legislative Council passed the Minimum Wage Bill without stipulating the actual wage and thereafter formed a committee to set the minimum rate.